The Research Unit of NIHS plays a pivotal role in fostering a research-oriented culture among health professionals and trainees. The unit provides technical guidance on research methodology, study design, data collection and analysis, and scientific writing. It also supports postgraduate and in-service training programmes by integrating research components into curricula.

In addition, the Research Unit collaborates with national and international institutions to conduct applied research, operational research, and evaluations relevant to maternal, child, and public health services. Emphasis is placed on ensuring ethical standards, scientific rigor, and the translation of research findings into practice and policy. Through these activities, the unit contributes significantly to evidence-based health system strengthening in Sri Lanka.